Headache

Sinus congestion

Inflammation or infection in the sinus cavities creates pressure behind the cheeks, nose, and eyes. The pain usually worsens when bending forward or reaching down.

Dehydration

Insufficient fluid intake causes blood volume to drop which reduces oxygen flow to the brain.

Poor sleep or fatigue

Too little or poor quality sleep disrupts pain-regulating systems and commonly triggers headaches.

Eye strain

Focusing on digital screens or reading in low light for long periods overworks the eye muscles which leads to discomfort. This often occurs toward the end of the day.

Skipped meals / low blood sugar

A drop in blood glucose could trigger headache, particularly in the afternoon when meals are delayed.

High blood pressure

Severe hypertension could cause headache, particularly at the back of the head. Requires medical attention.

Viral infection (e.g. cold, flu)

Inflammatory response to viral infections frequently causes generalised headache alongside fever and fatigue.

Caffeine withdrawal

Regular caffeine users may experience headaches when they miss a dose because blood vessels in the brain dilate more than usual. The pain is typically dull and throbbing.

Glaucoma (acute angle-closure)

A sudden, rapid buildup of fluid pressure in the eye could cause severe pain that radiates into the head. This is often accompanied by blurred vision.

Concussion or head injury

A physical blow to the head could cause immediate or delayed persistent headaches due to brain tissue stretching or minor swelling.

Giant cell arteritis

Inflammation of the lining of your arteries, most commonly those in the head and temples, could also lead to vision loss if not addressed.

Meningitis

Infection of the membranes surrounding the brain. Severe headache with stiff neck and fever is a medical emergency.

Brain aneurysm

A bulge in a blood vessel in the brain could cause a "thunderclap" headache, which is strong, sudden excruciating pain.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Bleeding around the brain. Presents as a sudden, extremely severe "thunderclap" headache. Call emergency services immediately.